The History of Miniature Golf

The History of Miniature Golf As indicated by the American Heritage Dictionary, smaller than usual golf is an oddity form of golf played with a putter and golf ball on a scaled down course and including deterrents, for example, back streets, extensions, and passages. Garnet Carter was the principal individual to patent a round of scaled down golf which he called Tom Thumb Golf in 1927. Nonetheless, there were a couple of prior unpatented variants of smaller than expected golf type games. For instance, in 1916, James Barber of Pinehurst, North Carolina had a smaller than expected fairway on his bequest called the Thistle Du. There were likewise licensed procedures that identified with the game. Garnet Carter constructed his smaller than expected green on Lookout Mountain in Tennessee to attract traffic to the inn he claimed. His significant other, Frieda Carter did the majority of the planning of the courses deterrents which had a fairyland subject. Protected Cottonseed Hull Surface In 1922, Englishmen, Thomas McCulloch Fairborn who was living in Tlahualilo, Mexico assembled a smaller than normal fairway with a surface produced using squashed cottonseed structures blended in with oil, colored green, and moved on a sand establishment. Fairborn likewise established an organization called the Miniature Golf Courses of America Inc. Fairborn licensed his technique for making a playing surface, which was a reasonable strategy. In 1926, Drake Delanoy and John Ledbetter constructed New York City’s first open air scaled down green on a high rise. Delanoy and Ledbetter duplicated Thomas Fairborns procedure of utilizing squashed cottonseed frames and encroached upon Fairborns patent. In the long run, a monetary game plan was shown up at among Delanoy and Ledbetter and Fairborn that let the cottonseed frame process be utilized more than 150 rooftop top small courses in New York City. Garnet Carter likewise needed to pay a sovereignty to Fairborn since he utilized the cottonseed frame surface on his scaled down green. Carter established the Fairyland Manufacturing Corporation, which by 1930 fabricated and sold more than 3000 of his Tom Thumb small scale fairway establishments.  Proceed with The History of Golf or Photo Gallery

Explain why,and how,an English-based Creole is being promoted in any Essay

Clarify why,and how,an English-based Creole is being advanced in any one nation - Essay Example Subsequently, an individual’s language likewise experiences the cooperations with different dialects existing in his environmental factors and such collaborations between the dialects result into the organizing of another type of language, considered Pidgin that the people of various dialects can use at their own accommodations. Such Amenities and comforts that a Pidgin gives its speakers develops from the amalgamation of the advantageous structures and substance of both of the dialects (Kachru and Nelson, 2006). To be sure a Pidgin exists to fill a specific arrangement of needs, for example, financial, political, social, strict, and so forth. When along the entry of social change a Pidgin or a lot of differed Pidgins is broadly utilized by the individuals of a nation, a Creole happens to exist as a steady language with specific syntactic principles and standards. So it is hard to unmistakable the different presence of a Creole along the Pidgin-Creole continuum (Bickerton, 197 5). This paper intends to validate the improvement of a Creole in a nation, especially in Jamaica. Different language specialists have characterized Creole in various manners. The shared traits of these is that every one of them consider a Creole as a steady language with a lot of syntactic standards and decides that develop from its earlier structure, Pidgin, though the later fills in as a most widely used language utilized by a few etymological networks for a specific reason. Pidgin and Creole are frequently depicted as â€Å"trade language† and â€Å"contact language† and fundamentally a Creole begins from a Pidgin. As Foy (2007) says in such manner, A Creole language is normally portrayed as the relative of a pidgin language and made when a pidgin language gains local speakers and forms into a primary language, henceforth the well known affirmation that a Creole language is any language with a pidgin in its family line (p. 9). A general investigation of the improvement of a Pidgin and subsequently, a Creole in any district will undoubtedly uncover

Make Prejudice and Discrimination a Subject in School Essay Example for Free

Make Prejudice and Discrimination a Subject in School Essay In light of the movement on the planet and the incredible digestion that are in progress biases and segregation are a higher priority than at no other time. Individuals need to gain from youthful ages that it doesnt matter where you originate from or what shading your skin is, the main thing that issues is your character and how you react to others. Recently, in Stockholm, I was conversing with my cousin and she revealed to me that I never should live in Tensta on the grounds that, as indicated by her, its an exceptionally hazardous spot since it just lives hoodlums there. Actually Im sure that most of the individuals in Tensta are ordinary, decent individuals that never have done anything criminal its solitary her preferences that state something other than what's expected. I see each day how normal partialities are, my companions have biases, my family has preferences and I, that consider myself to be a very partialities free individual, find some of the time that even I have a few biases. Separation is sadly additionally normal in our general public. Some time back I read an examination that educators at the Linnã © college in Kalmar had composed and it demonstrated that most of the organizations in Sweden separated individuals with Arabic names. In the event that there were two people with the very same characteristics and involvement with the investigation, and one of them was named Martin Johansson and the other Abd al Hakim just the first would be called to a meeting while the second would be arranged away right away. Be that as it may, I believe that it is anything but difficult to overlook and that we need to recollect that segregation can work inside and out white against dark, dark against white, men against ladies, ladies against men, etc. Accordingly I accept that we need to work for a general public that is equivalent on each scale. I feel that a method to take care of the issue with preferences and segregation is to make it a fundamental subject in school. In that manner each child in Sweden would get data about and have the option to disk partialities and segregation consistently from the age of 6 to 16. I accept that data and information are the way to everything, and for this situation the way in to an equivalent society without preferences and separation.

The Insights into Technology That are Valuable for Designers

Advance or dissipate. This is the cutting edge business basic that has summarized the current serious patterns being knowledgeable about the business world. As Marchal set up, notwithstanding tying down an opportunity to advertise, improve quality and cost, makers are presently compelled to concentrate on development (1).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Insights into Technology That are Valuable for Designers explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Innovation was generally characterized by most researchers as the plan that overwhelms markets. These structures are went with driving age improvement forms which change theoretical thoughts into solid, saleable and practical items (Stahl 128). In any case, while alluding to structure as a business procedure, Karie proposed that numerous inquiries emerged in (state mainstream researchers) because of the utilization of business terms, for example, â€Å"national competitiveness,† â€Å"strat egic areas,† â€Å"priorities,† and â€Å"new paradigms†. This was the situation just in light of the fact that these terms had increased incredible use in logical proclamations and as such benefactors had no choice however to depend on them to decide the practicality of the activities for financing. Toward the finish of the choice procedure, the writer affirms that lone activities that were outfitted towards upgrading development (which in this article paper I explicitly allude to as configuration) made it the last rundown for subsidizing. To help accomplish the ever-changing client needs in the current serious condition, Stahl stated that the headways in innovation have been at the front line of helping planners to achieve development. To help this, I express that in the event that I posed the accompanying inquiry to witnesses, â€Å"can you describe to me the encounters of innovation in your homes or your own lives?† then I am probably going to get boun teous reactions some of which I archive them in the succeeding paragraph:Advertising Looking for exposition on craftsmanship and plan? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Before the happening to the remote controls, we expected to get up to change the TV stations. Before the creation of the PDAs, we were just open at homes or at work environments with the utilization of landline. Prior to the ATM, we needed to truly move toward tellers to pull back cash. Prior to the happening to the web (www), we nor couldn't access modern data nor convey to remote companions. The above proclamations point to a solitary certainty. This is headways in innovations have helped creators to create howdy tech gadgets that focus to improve people’s ways of life. Individualized computing, business the executives application programs and a lot progressively close to home gadgets have subsequently made considerable advances in practically all world social orders (Deutsch 4). Goggin supported the above idea when he archived that there were about 1 billion PCs and more than 3 billion telephone endorsers as of the year 2007 (525). In this examination, I cause a to catch up on the discoveries above by I contending that various bits of knowledge into innovation have given significant help to numerous experts in their endeavors to upgrade development and improve ways of life. Since innovation is an expansive branch of knowledge with its extension changing extraordinarily dependent on the doled out setting, the writer brings up that this exposition paper will limit to the helpfulness of the subject to the expert architects. Coming up next is the examination and argumentation on the side of the paper’s reason. The bits of knowledge spread 4 enterprises of innovation in particular the PC, TV and cell phone and engine industry.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Insights into Technology That are Valuable f or Designers explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More To begin with, the writer affirms that the bits of knowledge in the PC business have been significant to fashioners in different manners. For example, Balestri and the gathering set up in their exploration paper that â€Å"the electronic plan studio gives instruments to investigation of issues and draft designs† (10). This group of researchers proceeded to clarify their discoveries by giving a continuous case of a program for forming in French (called ‘System D’) that offered notwithstanding its fundamental word processor, extra database references for its amateur clients (who can likewise be originators in our point of view). Similarly, in software engineering, Elliot Soloway’s diagnostic apparatuses for PC programming have helped understudies to handily break down their underlying draft programs. In the field of PC engineering, creators have profited by the utilization of mechanical adva ncements primarily as Computer-Aided-Design (CAD). To advance on this, the creator reasoned that a case of a CAD program is the â€Å"Energy Scheming† that is outfitted with apparatuses that rapidly dissect draft plans of structures (Balestri et al., 10). Notwithstanding examining, CAD projects can have the capacities to measure the measures of vitality lost through windows of given sizes. To summarize on the bits of knowledge of the CAD mechanical developments in this paper, the creator states that their capacity to make elective visual or pictorial portrayals (in type of trees, traces, successions of sentences among others) to planned structures are significant to numerous architects. This is so on the grounds that they help creators to identify mistakes or streams in the underlying drafts and an outcome start and execute rectifications appropriately. Figure 1 portraying a Chief Architect’s structure of a 3D glass house (made by utilization of CAD).Advertising Searching for article on workmanship and plan? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Source: Chief Architect Homepage The second investigation of how experiences into innovation have been important to planning can be all around clarified by breaking down the present patterns in advanced marking. From the beginning, the creator noticed that it is seized to give a foundation of the succeeding explanations beneath. In the first place, the creator expresses that marking was characterized by Balakrishnan as â€Å"selecting a predictable brand component blend to recognize and recognize a goal through positive picture building† (42). Second, it has been as of late embraced as maybe the most remarkable and the best showcasing weapon promptly accessible to most contemporary goal organizers and advertisers. Third, this was enhanced by the impromptu spending of a challenging US$ 1,480 billion on goal marking around the same time (Balakrishnan 84). More or less, as of not long ago, barely any examples of overcoming adversity had existed in the goal marking methodologies. Morrison and Anderson affirmed this was so on the grounds that they contained a blend of shifting parts (normally alluded to as promoting blend). Nonetheless, the pattern has changed today because of the significant pretended by innovation in improving planning of proper business systems. This has been so on the grounds that on venture based co-activities, fashioners have had the option to deal with the interpretation of business objectives and brand stories into notions and visuals that touch explicit objective crowds. The cutting edge innovation has along these lines encouraged execution of idea, research, plan and technique. This has been accomplished by utilization of innovative devices, for example, Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), Marketing Platforms and other extra information administrations. Figure 2 underneath shows how a fashioner (Balakrishnan) utilized the headways in innovation to plan and portray key elements essential for marking techniques to make progress . Source: Balakrishnan 622. Still on the figuring bits of knowledge, the creator built up strikingly, to improve learning; originators have been drawn closer by teachers to boost on the utilization of mechanical developments, for example, Moodle web applications. These are applications that upgrade plan and innovation curricular in schools. They are enriched with free and open-source e-learning programming stages which have bottomless navigational highlights. Moving to the bits of knowledge into the TV business, the creator set up that while expressing that cutting edge inquire about had neglected to recognize the mechanical developments that had attempted spot in the media business, Jessica propounded ten realities to defuse the ten legends that had been built up by early researchers (9). The ten realities profit inexhaustible confirmations that legitimize the idea that the TV, much the same as the web, comprised a significant media that had experienced mechanical changes to rise a s a key wellspring of data (Jessica 9). In one of the expressed realities identifying with 1960s, the creator contended that the mechanical advancement in the TV business had seen originators produce comedies overwhelmed by subjects of enchantment, dream and black magic. By the by, until this point in time, improved innovation has seen standard TV sets intended to join with media like: papers, shopping, and amusement, publicizing just as video rental. This has prompted the contribution of an assortment of employments through the propelled TV plans. The level screen and LCD sets are instances of the cutting edge TV plans that were planned dependent on the most recent mechanical development in the division. Figure 3 demonstrating a picture of the hello there tech structured Samsung LCD TV Source: Samsung Homepage Moving to the bits of knowledge into the cell phone industry, the creator remarkably settled that an examination by Goggin had uncovered that â€Å"from its dull or exhausti ng inception in its ancestor innovations, including remote telecommunication, the phone, radio, and the pager, the PDA has become a much-wanted, adoring and made thing† (525). The creator elucidated his discoveries by proposing this was the situation since this curio might be utilized to watch many laced, crooked aspect

How to Protect Your Personal Info While Traveling - OppLoans

How to Protect Your Personal Info While Traveling - OppLoans How to Protect Your Personal Info While Traveling How to Protect Your Personal Info While TravelingWhen scammers and hackers are looking to steal someones money or personal information, tourists are some of the first people they target.Let’s be real: Vacationing can be stressful. Between flights, site-seeing, meals, and all manner of other activities, it’s all too easy for a relaxing getaway to become a stressful grind. But there is one way to absolutely guarantee that your vacation takes a dark and stormy turn, and that’s falling victim to a local scam artist.“Vacations are intended to explore the world and make memories,” said Justin Lavelle, Chief Communications Director for BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified).  â€œIn most cases, this is the outcome. However, there are instances where local con-artists take advantage of naïve travelers and turn their world upside down.”He’s right, that’s why we reached out to Lavelle and other data security experts to find out the best ways to keep your personal information safe wh ile traveling.Beware these common travel-related scams.Scammers are always going to be after some combination of two things: Your money or your personal info. In essence, they’re either trying to steal your wallet, your identity, or both. But while the destination remains the same, there are many different routes that they can take to get there.Here are some of the common travel-related scams that you will see to steal your personal info.Free-trip phishing scams: This first scam begins before you even book a vacation! According to Ian McClarty, CEO and President of PhoenixNAP Global IT Services (@phoenixnap), scammers love using offers of free trips to run “phishing” scams on unsuspecting marks.“As a good rule of thumb, if something seems too good to be true, it likely is,” said McClarty. “Emails and phone calls that talk about a special trip, reward, or prize that you have won (especially ones you dont remember inquiring about) are prime phishing attempts made by compan ies to get your banking and other personal information. If something seems off, it is likely a scam of some kind.”ATM “helpers”: When traveling, you might be inclined to rely on the kindness of strangers. But you should be careful about that, especially when you’re around an ATM.“Be aware of people hanging around ATM machines, especially overseas,” warned Lavelle. They may insist they can help save transaction fees when their true intent is to skim your credit card number and PIN so they can drain your accounts later.Not familiar with “skimming?” You should be. “Hackers use this technique to steal the information from the magnetic strip of credit and debit cards; allowing them to create a clone of the card,” explained digital privacy expert Ray Walsh of  ProPrivacy.com  (@weareproprivacy).“To avoid this scam, never let anyone near while you are making an ATM transaction,” he continued. “Always cover the keypad when entering your PIN code. If someone is hang ing out nearby, leave and find another ATM.”Then again, even an ATM that doesn’t have someone lurking about could be a trap. According to Walsh, “cybercriminals may perform skimming with a small device attached to a payment terminal or via the hole in a legitimate looking ATM machine.”To avoid this, McClarty recommends only using ATMs that are located inside bank branches.Public wifi hackers: “When we travel, we tend to make use of public  wifi hotspots in coffee shops, on coaches, in airports, hotels, etc.” said Walsh. “Public wifi hotspots are a great way to stay connected and can save you a lot of money in terms of data. However, they also open you up to severe privacy and security risks.”“A poorly implemented wifi hotspotâ€"that does not have WPA or WPA2 encryption setupâ€"could be allowing any other user on the network to access your data,” he explained.“When we connect to a public wifi hotspot, we tend to presume that it has been set up strongly, but that is not always the case. A poorly setup wifi hotspot can allow hackers to piggyback on your session in order to steal your credentials, passwordsâ€"and a credit card or bank detailsâ€"as well as other sensitive information.”And public wifi scams don’t stop there. In fact, they get even more sophisticated.“In addition to badly implemented wifi hotspots, travelers must be aware of the dangers of ‘evil twin’ hotspots,” said Walsh. “Evil twin wifi hotspots appear in locations where travelers expect there to be public wifi. Hackers cunningly set up these traps by giving them a legitimate sounding name such as ‘airport wifi’ or the local hotel’s name.”“Once an unsuspecting traveler connects to the fake public wifi hotspot the hacker is able to intercept all the data that passes from the victim’s device to the internet. This allows them to steal the victims sensitive data, including login credentials, passwords, and sensitive banking information.”Spills on your clothing: A lot of scams require a somewhat sophisticated understanding of computers on the part of the scammers. Some scams, on the other hand … do not.“This scam is common in Europe,” said Lavelle. “While site-seeing a person may accidentally spill something on your clothing or bump you from behind. This is a mere distraction to keep your focus on the spill and not on personal belongings. While helping clean up the mess, the culprit will pick purses or pockets.“Avoid this scam by being aware of your surroundings and declining help should someone spill condiments or beverages on you,” he advised. “Go to the nearest bathroom and clean the stain yourself.”Fake police officers: According to Lavelle, large cities are notorious for scamming tourists. And this a scam you’re more likely to see in larger, more urban areas.“In this scenario, a person will approach a tourist and request illicit substances like drugs,” he said. “During the discourse, a couple of people dressed in uniform will approach and flash fake police badges. This ploy is designed to get tourists to turn over their IDs and passports.”“To avoid this scam, request the officer show ID and call the police department to confirm their identity,” he advised. “Refuse to hand over the passports, citing they are locked in the hotel room, and request they follow you to the hotel. If they refuse, simply walk away.”Fake wake up calls: This last common scam is another lo-fi hustle that relies more on a keen understanding of human nature than it does on computer code.“Calls in the middle of the night can be startling, said Lavelle. “Waking up from a dead sleep can make you feel disoriented and more likely to share valuable information.  Should you receive a call from the front desk regarding your credit card information do not confirm over the phone.“To avoid this scam, take the caller’s name and inform him you will come down to the front desk and verify information in p erson.”Here’s how to keep your personal information safe.Beyond the advice that’s already been doled out for thwarting would-be scammers, here are some more general tips you can follow to make sure that your money and/or your identity don’t end up falling into the wrong hands.Dont access personal info from a  public place:  â€œWhen you are traveling, do not log into personal accounts of any kind from a public computer or an insecure network,” advised McClarty. “This is an easy way for people to steal your login information and, in turn, steal your identity.”Travel light with credit cards and ID: You’ll obviously need identification and a credit card while you travel, but leave any unnecessary credit cards, bank cards, and your social security card at home,” recommended Lavelle. “Basically leave behind anything you have in your wallet that you won’t need on your trip.”Lavelle also recommended replacing your credit cards with a Visa rechargeable gift card: Rath er than finding out halfway through your trip that someone maxed out your credit card or emptied your checking account, purchase a rechargeable Visa gift card for any small personal expenses (such as dining out and souvenirs).” he said.“Visa gift cards act as debit cards with expiration dates, code on the back, and even PIN numbers. You can use them in person or for online purchases. These cards are available at most grocery stores and some gas stations.”According to Lavelle, carrying cash is another option to avoid using credit and debit cards. But he cautioned that carrying too much makes you a target for theft. As such, it’s best to keep the amount of cash you’re carrying at any one time relatively small. Lavelle suggested never carrying more than $200.But there is yet another option beyond cash or plastic: Travelers checks, which is what Walsh recommended.And if you are going to be carrying cards, Walsh also advised that you should carry them in a container designed to prevent theft. “Keeping cards contained within a signal blocking bag or wallet will stop RFID chips on contactless cards from being scanned by hackers as you pass nearby,” he said.Phone settings: Set your phone to travel mode, which allows you to handpick passwords that will be available while traveling, said Lavelle. If your phone goes missing or is searched, this will keep your information from total vulnerability. Also, turn off the Wi-Fi, GPS, and Bluetooth functions on your smartphone when you aren’t using them.Get a VPN: If you want to stop hackers from remotely accessing your phone and swiping all your info, there is one service that will go above and beyond to thwart them. “The most important tool that consumers can make use of when traveling away from home is a Virtual Private Network (VPN),” said Walsh.“A VPN service encrypts all of the data coming and going from a device that is connected to the internet. As a result, travelers can securely use public WiFi ho tspots anywhere that they go.“Even if they should happen to connect to a badly setup WiFi hotspotâ€"or an “evil twin” hotspot that belongs to a hackerâ€"the VPN encryption will safely scramble their data so that cybercriminals are unable to perform data theft.”Carry personal documents with you en route:  â€œWhen it comes to your passport, ID, social security card, and birth certificate, make sure they are on your person at all time,” advised McClarty. “Do not include these in a checked bag, where a multitude of different workers will have access to them. Keep all of these items on your carry-on and keep the bag with you at all times.”Use the hotel safe for valuables and important documents:  While it’s good to keep your personal documents on you while you’re actually traveling, finding a safe place to store them once you’ve reached your destination is also a good idea.“Lock up anything containing personal information, credit cards not being used, passports or o ther ID, and valuables such as a wedding ring if you remove it for swimming or sports,” said Lavelle. “Many hotel employees have access to your room and there is a risk of theft while you are gone.Keep documentation: “Keep all of your receipts from your entire trip from start to finish,” advised McClarty. “Keeping a record of charges you made, where you were, and when, can be incredibly useful when disputing fraudulent charges. Also, if charges are added to your credit card by businesses after the fact, you can dispute the charge.”Bill to your room: According to Lavelle, a large percentage of hotel-based credit card fraud cases involve some sort of internal collusion with hotel staff.“While a large chain resort will have measures in place to keep their customer’s data safe, no system is completely infallible, and the ability of a thief to install data retrieving software on the point-of-sale payment processing systems is certainly possible,” he said.“Many data or identity thefts take place at the point of sale, which means that all of the card information is being captured, including the verification codes. And the methods used can be as unsophisticated as someone standing beside you at the front desk and capturing your information, and your PIN, on their smartphone.”Fortunately, Lavelle offered a very simple answer to this dilemma: Don’t use your credit card at the hotel and instead just bill everything to your room. And if you do ever use the card, he recommended never letting it out of your sight.“While most hotels and restaurants are wiser to this these days and use a portable swipe machine to handle your transaction table-side, some are still going old school, which means having your credit card out of your sight and vulnerable to having the data skimmed, or otherwise copied,” he said.Vacations are meant to be fun and relaxingâ€"basically, everything that getting robbed is not. Follow these tips to protect your personal informa tion, and you’ll be able to take the vacation you want, not the vacation that scammers want for you instead.To learn more about keeping your identity and your money safe from scams and fraudsters, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:What to Do About Data LeaksHow to Identify and Avoid Fake Tech Support ScamsExpert Roundup: 13 Signs You’re Being ScammedHow to Avoid Getting Insta-Scammed on InstagramDo you have a   personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN  |  InstagramContributorsJustin Lavelle  is a Scams Prevention Expert and the Chief Communications Officer of  BeenVerified.com (@BeenVerified). BeenVerified is a leading source of online background checks and contact information. It helps people discover, understand and use public data in their everyday lives and can provide peace of mind by offering a fast, easy and affordable w ay to do background checks on potential dates. BeenVerified allows individuals to find more information about people, phone numbers, email addresses,  and property records.Ian McClarty has over 20 years of executive management experience in the cybersecurity and data center industry. Currently, he is the CEO and President of  PhoenixNAP Global IT Services (@phoenixnap).  PhoenixNAP  employs a staff of over 600, operating in 9 locations worldwide.Ray  Walsh  is a digital privacy expert at  ProPrivacy.com  (@weareproprivacy) with vast experience testing and reviewing VPNs and other online security software. He has been quoted in The Times, The Washington Post, The Register, CNET more.  Ray  is currently rated #1 VPN and #3 internet privacy authority by  Agilience.com.

Enlightened Perspectives on Religion and Righteousness Franklins Autobiography and Paines The Age of Reason - Literature Essay Samples

Two of the most profoundly influential and respected figures of the American Revolution are Thomas Paine and Benjamin Franklin. Both held views about religion and morality that defied orthodoxy, giving rise to the new emphasis on the individual’s quest for virtue and the rationalism characteristic of the Enlightenment. They preferred a personal approach to faith, and each of their spiritual ambitions centered primarily around human decency along with basic monotheistic principles. To Franklin, religious institutions could become problematic when their focus shifted from moral instruction to sectarian arguments. He saw potential for edification in all common denominations, refusing to criticize the beliefs of another. Conversely, Paine decried all organized religion as inherently corrupt and illegitimate. In regard to morals, he recognized the contributions of some religious leaders, but accredited them no prophetic value. No hesitation was given by either to the censure of tra dition, but each took a very different approach to the radical theological ideas of the Enlightenment. Franklin envisioned churches as tools for empowerment, while Paine imagined them as institutions of fraud. Franklin and Paine maintained similarly unsophisticated belief systems, neither subscribing to a particular denomination but having faith in a singular almighty God who looks favorably to the selfless. Franklin elaborates his â€Å"Religious Principles† in his Autobiography, writing: â€Å"I never doubted the Existence of the Deity, that he made the World, and govern’d it by his Providence; that the most acceptable Service of God was the doing Good to man; that our Souls are immortal; and that all Crime will be punished and Virtue rewarded either here or hereafter†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In this simple summary, Franklin’s religion is expressed mainly as an impetus to practice humanitarianism and virtue. In The Age of Reason, Thomas Paine presents a comparable â€Å"Profession of Faith†: â€Å"I believe in one God, and no more; and I hope for happiness beyond this life. I believe in the equality of man, and I believe that religious duties consist in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavoring to make our fellow-creatures happy†. Both thinkers demonstrate a deep connection between religion and morality. More specifically, they describe religion as the practice of benevolence toward others, defining the betterment of the world as an exclusively human responsibility. This idea is a manifestation of the Enlightenment’s departure from belief in an interventionist God. It bestows upon individuals the power and obligation to push society further on the path of morality. The two maintain different viewpoints concerning the doctrines of major religions. Franklin sees potential for edification in all forms of spirituality. His personal tenants of faith are those he â€Å"esteem’d the Essentials of every Religion,† and he treated every group of faith with respect, acknowledging that â€Å"even the worst had some good Effects.† This universal benignity seems to stem from his belief that everyone should work to improve their virtue. Religious principles, to him, are a pathway to the instruction of morals, and the end is more important than the journey. Paine, on the other hand, more decisively separates the concepts of religious and moral teachings. Referring to the commandments related by Moses to the Israelites, he says, â€Å"They contain some good moral precepts such as any man qualified to be a lawgiver or a legislator could produce himself, without having recourse to supernatural intervention.† â€Å"The character of Jes us Christ,† he describes as â€Å"a virtuous and amiable man,† comparing his moral instruction to that of Confucius and some Greek philosophers. Paine’s position is that spiritual leaders are not sources of divine knowledge but can be helpful in the discovery of virtue. Concerning organized religion, Franklin and Paine have varying degrees of disdain, but they share a preference for the independent study of faith. Franklin appreciates the opportunity for enrichment through any religious denomination, but he thought of the different sects with â€Å"varying degrees of Respect as [he] found them more or less mix’d with other Articles which without any Tendency to inspire, promote, or confirm Morality, serv’d principally to divide us and make us unfriendly to one another.† Franklin was disgusted by a Presbyterian Minister in whose sermons â€Å"not a single moral Principle was inculcated or enforc’d,† with their purpose being to solidify the congregation’s faith in Presbyterianism rather than their moral strength. Franklin did not regularly attend any public service, opting to spend his personal time in pursuit of his own spiritual inspiration. Paine completely discards any notion of merit in organized religion s: â€Å"Every national church or religion has established itself by pretending some special mission from God, communicated to certain individuals†¦ as if the way to God was not open to every man alike.† He maintains that churches are corrupt institutions, relying on â€Å"hearsay† and â€Å"perjury.† He promotes, like Franklin, the personal quest for religious truth, proclaiming, â€Å"I do not believe in the creed professed†¦ by any church I know of. My own mind is my own church.† His ideas align perfectly with the philosophy of the Enlightenment, stressing the removal of power from established institutions and allowing the individual to relinquish his dependencies. Franklin’s accepting view of all religions and emphasis on moral development gave him a widespread appeal, while Paine’s defamation of religious organizations made a radical case against these institutions’ authority. These men were great figures of the Age of Enlightenment, and, though pointedly different, their thoughts on religion, morality, and the relationship between the two left their marks on American culture. The crucial principles of religious tolerance and secular government emerged from their Enlightened philosophies and have not left their positions of high importance since the nation’s founding.

The Aeneid, The Iliad and the Odyssey - 653 Words

Practically thousands of years after they were thought of and written, the Aeneid, The Iliad and the Odyssey continue to be three of the most renowned and broadly read stories ever told. The Aeneid is an epic poem written in 12 books and is modeled in part on the great Greek epic poems, on Homers Iliad and Odyssey. Odysseus is trying to get back to the home, Aeneas is seeking the new In the Aeneid the first six books were in correspondence to the Odyssey because they illustrated Aeneas hunt for a home. Throughout the journey Aeneas path was place in the same familiar places that Odysseus had traveled in. The essential difference between the paths was that at the same time as Odysseus was trying to return to his original home he left to go to the Trojan War years earlier, Aeneas was trying to find a place he could belong where he and his companions are intended to inhabit after the demolition of Troy. Odysseus is the conqueror in The Odyssey, and Aeneas, is he superman of The Aeneid. The two men fought the battle over Troy together but on two opposite sides. Odysseus was the ruler of Ithaca and was questionably the one of the cleverest kings of his time and warrior in all of Greece because of his resourceful Trojan horse idea he used to overcome Troy. Some would say that Odysseus and his army was losing the war up until they built the horse that they could hide in and plan a sneak attack on the Trojans. Once the horse got inside Odysseus and his men waited until theyShow MoreRelatedThe Aeneid Of The Iliad And Odyssey794 Words   |  4 Pages Virgil was Rome’s unwilling epic poet, he gave the Roman people a cohesive narrative that tied them to the past and propelled them towards the future. This narrative, The Aeneid, had its basis in local lore as well as ties to the older Greek epics of Homer. The Aeneid almost functions as an extension of The Iliad and Odyssey, with its protagonist, Aeneas, being a minor figure in the earlier poems, and the work itse lf academically divided into â€Å"Odyssean† and â€Å"Iliadic† parts. In this relationshipRead MoreComparative Analysis of the Aeneid, Odyssey, and Iliad Essay962 Words   |  4 PagesComparative Analysis of the Aeneid, Odyssey, and Iliad The Iliad and the Odyssey are two of the best Greek epics written by Homer. Despite their popularity, almost nothing is known about the author beyond the existence of his masterpieces. Surprisingly enough no concrete evidence of his existence is available; not even to confirm the same person created the two works. The authorship of the Iliad and the Odyssey were debated even in the times of the ancient Greeks. Many scholars have arguedRead MoreComparison Of Virgil s The Aeneid, The Iliad And Homer s `` The Odyssey `` Essay1155 Words   |  5 Pagespredestined and the outcome will remain the same. The idea of being able to control one’s own fate is laughed at. This idea of a definite destiny is found in both Virgil’s â€Å"The Aeneid† and Homer’s â€Å"The Odyssey.† Both hero’s lives are shaped by their destiny and it forces them to make difficult decisions. In â€Å"The Odyssey† Homer presents us with an epic hero, Odysseus. A man who fought in the Trojan War and won. All he wants is to return home and be with his family. He was given a prophecy by theRead MoreGreek Mythology1294 Words   |  6 PagesWorld s Classics) 2) Euripides, Bacchae, trans. Paul Woodruff (Hackett) 3) Hesiod, Works and Days and Theogony, trans. Stanley Lombardo (Hackett) 4) Homer, The Iliad, trans. Robert Fitzgerald (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux) 5) Homer, The Odyssey, trans. Robert Fitzgerald (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux) 6) Virgil, The Aeneid, trans. R. Fitzgerald (Vintage, 1990) Lectures: Tuesdays and Thursdays CLH L 11:30 a.m. – 12:30 p.m. Tutorial Sections: |Section |Time and LocationRead MoreComparing The Iliad And The Odyssey905 Words   |  4 PagesThis short essay will identify five traditional epic characteristics that are evident in both the Iliad and the Odyssey. The first epic characteristic evident in both epics is catalogs and genealogies. For instance, Book VIII of the Odyssey features a list of participants in the game (115-125) and the Iliad Book II features a catalog of ships (484-759). Secondly, both epics start in media res. The Odyssey starts ten years after the Trojan War and the Illiad starts nine years after the start of the warRead MoreThe Aeneid Essay1069 Words   |  5 PagesVirgil asked that his unfinished Aeneid be destroyed, but Augustus would not let this happen. The Aeneid was later completed by two of Virgil’s friends, that fixed the minor grammatical errors and published the poem. This decision affected the track of literary history and the development of western culture. In fact, the Bible and the Aeneid were probably the two most consistently read books in Western Europe for hundreds of years. (â€Å"Virgil and the Moderns†) The Aeneid is a Latin epic poem that wasRead MoreGreek Epics873 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivations, it tells the society conditions and the civilization of that history period. Homer; the authors of The Iliad and The Odyssey; and Vergil; the authors of The Aeneid are two of the greatest writers in ancient western civilization. There are heroes in these three literatures to reflect the society and culture: Achilles, Odysseus and Aeneid. The Iliad and the Odyssey are two of the oldest ancient literatures by Homer in around 8th century B.C. (Homer, 2012). According to Redfield (1975)Read MoreThe Aeneid And The Odyssey1547 Words   |  7 Pages â€Æ' The Aeneid and The Odyssey The Aeneid and The Odyssey are two of the most famous poems written in their time. While there are other poems that are also notable, these two poems are well known for showing strong battles between mythical creatures and strong heroes. Homer and Virgil have written incredible poems that have stood the test of time. The depth of their vision was beyond their time and is still used around the world thousands of years later to show honest, loyal, strong heroes. The AeneidRead MoreAeneid Analysis789 Words   |  4 PagesAeneid By Virgil Written 19 B.C.E Translated by John Dryden Analysis Jazymn Talley SNHU Analysis The intention of Virgil s poem, Aeneid, is to romanticize the origins of the Roman Empire. Aeneid shares many characteristic to Grecian writer Homer s Epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. Much of Roman culture is modeled after or inspired by the Greeks, especially the arts. Roman art, writings, religion, and celebrations were on the rise as they experienced a time of rest, enabling themRead MoreComparing The Underworld Of Homer And Virgil1744 Words   |  7 Pagesboth Homer’s Odyssey and Virgil’s Aeneid, the heroes make the dauntless adventure into the underworld. Both of theses visits occur around the middle of the stories, and they bring information about the lives of heroes loved ones. The heroes also get very important information from these loved ones; information that they require to continue on their journeys. However these are not the only things that are similar about the heroes visits. The influence of the Homeric writings of the Iliad and the Odyssey